Difference between revisions of "Giuseppe Garibaldi"
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In 1862 the Scottish Rite Supreme Council at Palermo conferred degrees upon him and appointed him to its leadership. The Grande Oriente d’Italia elected him Grand Master on 24 May 1864; he resigned on 8 August. In 1872 it made him honorary Grand Master for life. These were different appointments within different Masonic structures.<ref name="garibaldi" /> | In 1862 the Scottish Rite Supreme Council at Palermo conferred degrees upon him and appointed him to its leadership. The Grande Oriente d’Italia elected him Grand Master on 24 May 1864; he resigned on 8 August. In 1872 it made him honorary Grand Master for life. These were different appointments within different Masonic structures.<ref name="garibaldi" /> | ||
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| + | ==The 1864 appointment== | ||
| + | The Grande Oriente d'Italia's account gives the vote for Garibaldi at the Florence assembly as forty-five out of fifty. He accepted from Caprera on 6 June and appointed Antonio Mordini as his representative two days later. His resignation in August cited poor health.<ref name="garibaldi" /> | ||
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| + | ==Caprera and the museum collections== | ||
| + | Garibaldi's home on Caprera preserves evidence of his family and working life. He farmed the land and maintained an orchard and garden. The house was enlarged in 1861 and 1880; the surrounding complex includes an earlier dwelling, a wooden house brought from Nice and an iron-clad wooden building used for his library.<ref name="caprera">Direzione regionale Musei Nazionali Sardegna, [https://musei.sardegna.beniculturali.it/musei/compendio-garibaldino-di-caprera/ Garibaldi Compendium], sections on the history, building and collection.</ref> | ||
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| + | The Compendio Garibaldino opened to the public in 1976. Its collections include books, pictures, clothing, farm tools and household utensils. Garibaldi's tomb is also on the site. A separate memorial museum in Forte Arbuticci presents documents and objects concerning his career; the two museums form the Caprera museum system.<ref name="caprera" /><ref>Ministero della Cultura, [https://museigaribaldini.cultura.gov.it/ I Musei Garibaldini], descriptions of the Compendio and Memoriale. Accessed 2 October 2026.</ref> | ||
==Memphis and Misraïm== | ==Memphis and Misraïm== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:09, 2 October 2026
Giuseppe Garibaldi (4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general and political leader who also held several Masonic offices. He briefly served as Grand Master of the Grande Oriente d’Italia in 1864 and became associated with the union of Memphis and Misraïm in 1881.[1]
Masonic membership and offices
The Grande Oriente d’Italia’s biographical record dates his entry into Masonry to 1844. It records his reception into the recognised lodge Les Amis de la Patrie at Montevideo on 18 August that year. During his stay in New York in 1851–1853 he attended Tompkins Lodge at Stapleton.[1]
In 1862 the Scottish Rite Supreme Council at Palermo conferred degrees upon him and appointed him to its leadership. The Grande Oriente d’Italia elected him Grand Master on 24 May 1864; he resigned on 8 August. In 1872 it made him honorary Grand Master for life. These were different appointments within different Masonic structures.[1]
The 1864 appointment
The Grande Oriente d'Italia's account gives the vote for Garibaldi at the Florence assembly as forty-five out of fifty. He accepted from Caprera on 6 June and appointed Antonio Mordini as his representative two days later. His resignation in August cited poor health.[1]
Caprera and the museum collections
Garibaldi's home on Caprera preserves evidence of his family and working life. He farmed the land and maintained an orchard and garden. The house was enlarged in 1861 and 1880; the surrounding complex includes an earlier dwelling, a wooden house brought from Nice and an iron-clad wooden building used for his library.[2]
The Compendio Garibaldino opened to the public in 1976. Its collections include books, pictures, clothing, farm tools and household utensils. Garibaldi's tomb is also on the site. A separate memorial museum in Forte Arbuticci presents documents and objects concerning his career; the two museums form the Caprera museum system.[2][3]
Memphis and Misraïm
Garibaldi’s appointment as Grand Hierophant in 1881 provided a common leadership for participating bodies of the Egyptian rites. It is conventionally used as a starting point for the combined name Memphis-Misraïm.[4]
The union was not universal. The historical account by Jean Bricaud, revised by Constant Chevillon, records that the Egyptian authority rejected the appointment and that the French Misraïm leadership retained its separate system. Garibaldi’s title should therefore be read as an office accepted by particular bodies, rather than authority over all Freemasonry.[5]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Grande Oriente d’Italia, “Giuseppe Garibaldi, 24-05-1864/08-08-1864”, biographical entry based on Vittorio Gnocchini’s L’Italia dei liberi muratori.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Direzione regionale Musei Nazionali Sardegna, Garibaldi Compendium, sections on the history, building and collection.
- ↑ Ministero della Cultura, I Musei Garibaldini, descriptions of the Compendio and Memoriale. Accessed 2 October 2026.
- ↑ Grand Ordre Égyptien Mixte, “Histoire du RAPMM en 33 degrés”, sections on the union and the modern revival.
- ↑ Jean Bricaud, historical notes on Memphis-Misraïm (1933), updated by Constant Chevillon (1938), reproduced by L’Initiation as “Historique de Memphis-Misraïm”; an account written by leaders of the rite.
Memphis-Misraïm: Overview · Misraïm · Memphis · History · Degrees and organisation · Egyptian symbolism · Organisations and recognition · Regalia and imagery · Sources and further reading
People: Bédarride brothers · Marconis de Nègre · John Yarker · Giuseppe Garibaldi · Papus · Jean Bricaud · Constant Chevillon · Robert Ambelain
Background: Hermeticism · Martinism · Masonic glossary · Comparison with related traditions